īelow Mussolini was the Supreme Command ( Comando Supremo). However, in reality, most of the King's military responsibilities were assumed by the Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini. As Commander-in-Chief of all Italian armed forces, Vittorio Emanuele also commanded the Royal Air Force ( Regia Aeronautica) and the Royal Navy ( Regia Marina). The nominal Commander-in-Chief of the Italian Royal Army was His Majesty King Vittorio Emanuele III. The Italian Army of World War II was a " Royal" army. The Royal Army was preceded by the individual armies of the independent Italian states and was followed by the Italian Army ( Esercito Italiano) of the Italian Republic ( Repubblica Italiana). It ended with the dissolution of the monarchy.
The Royal Army started with the unification of Italy ( Risorgimento) and the formation of the Kingdom of Italy ( Regno d'Italia). The Royal Italian Army ( Regio Esercito), reformed in 1861 and existed until 1946, participated in World War II.
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